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Question:F'sho.
How does Scene 2 introduce the absent Macbeth? In other words, what characterization techniques are used, and what do we learn about Macbeth?


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How does Scene 2 introduce the absent Macbeth? In other words, what characterization techniques are used, and what do we learn about Macbeth?

Lady Macbeth’s reads Macbeth’s revelation of the witches’ predictions, she immediately assumes that only her insistence will lead Macbeth actively to pursue and acquire the desired kingly position of power and authority. Therefore, the implication is that Macbeth is weak, number one, and that he is dominated by her, number two.

Hie thee hither,
That I may pour my spirits in thine ear;
And chastise with the valour of my tongue
All that impedes thee from the golden round.

Lady Macbeth claims an ability to wield the character of Macbeth to her purposes and goals. She leads her husband into murdering the rightful monarch. With this ploy, she assumes the absolute power of the state by acting as if she were accountable to none and deserves no censure. Her insistence provided the impetus for the power base.

Feminine desires for power were seen as unnatural. In fact, Shakespeare couches these desires in emasculating terms to give them increased gravity. Lady Macbeth repudiates her femininity for power:

Come you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here;
And fill me, from the crown to the toe, top-full
Of direst cruelty!

When Lady Macbeth desires to be “unsexed,” her words reveal the assumed discordance between feminine nature and political ambition. By putting these desires in masculine—or gender-neutral—form, Lady Macbeth explicitly suggests their unnaturalness.
Shakespeare pushes Lady Macbeth’s oddity so far as to reverse the Macbeths’ gender roles. Indeed, Macbeth demonstrates considerably less determination than his wife. As a result, Lady Macbeth scorns him for his weakness. In bloodying her hands in the death of the king, she chastises her husband:

My hands are of your colour; but I shame
To wear a heart so white.

Typically, weakness is associated with the female, and man gains integrity through strength and boldness in battle. But Macbeth loses his courage at the decisive moment and Lady Macbeth assumes his bloody obligation. Her husband’s weakness is not only shameful in Lady Macbeth’s eyes; his weakness is also as unnatural as her strength.
He allows Lady Macbeth to overrule her husband in order to show that
such inversion of sexual relations is also an inversion of the political order.
Her possession of illicit desire in its most masculine form —
the twisted ambition of the malcontent — leads directly to regicide.