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Question: What changes did the Industrial Revolution lead to!?
We are doing a project!.!.

So far I haver done about trade and empire!.

Are there any other ideas!?Www@QuestionHome@Com


Best Answer - Chosen by Asker:
labour
machineryWww@QuestionHome@Com

Take the Industrial revolution and Agricultural revolution as going hand in hand!.

Starting with the end of the open field system and enclosure, both by agreement, purchase, and Act of Parliament, from the 1700s!. Technological inventions and innovations (eg alternate husbandry to increase output) reduced the amount of labour needed to tend fields!. This caused a rural underclass of underemployed (only having occasional work) and long term unemployed!.

New industries in the cities were tempting the unemployed away from the countryside!. The building of the railways was a major influence!. It required huge amounts of coal, to fuel the trains AND to build the railways (iron works) and also made the population more mobile!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

oh this was start of all the goodies we have in life today!.!.

the machines started replacing the manula labor, be it in agri field, or in transport
so we can say what ever we take it for granted, be it running tap water , or metro or elctricity ,internet or test tube babis, clones, everything started with industrial revolution, centring around the invention of steam engines!.!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

eventually, worker wellfare!.

When Germany and USA passed Britain, it was because the workers had better health in those countriesWww@QuestionHome@Com

pollution and i think the start of global warmingWww@QuestionHome@Com

Effects on agriculture
A John Fowler & Co!. Ploughing Engine

The invention of machinery played a big part in driving forward the British Agricultural Revolution!. Agricultural improvement began in the centuries before the Industrial revolution got going and it may have played a part in freeing up labour from the land to work in the new industrial mills of the eighteenth century!. As the revolution in industry progressed a succession of machines became available which increased food production with ever fewer labourers!.

Jethro Tull's seed drill invented in 1731 was a mechanical seeder which distributed seeds efficiently across a plot of land!. Joseph Foljambe's Rotherham plough of 1730, was the first commercially successful iron plough!. Andrew Meikle's threshing machine of 1784 was the final straw for many farm labourers, and led to the 1830 agricultural rebellion of the Swing Riots!.

In the 1850s and '60s John Fowler, an engineer and inventor, began to look at the possibility of using steam engines for ploughing and digging drainage channels!. The system that he invented involved either a single stationary engine at the corner of a field drawing a plough via sets of winches and pulleys, or two engines placed at either end of a field drawing the plough backwards and forwards between them by means of a cable attached to winches!. Fowler's ploughing system vastly reduced the cost of ploughing farmland compared with horse-drawn ploughs!. also his ploughing system, when used for digging drainage channels, made possible the cultivation of previously unusable swampy land!. The traction engine later became a common sight in working threshing machines during haymaking time and ploughing fields!.
These changes due to the Industrial Revolution created a market that made food plentiful for all!.

Coastal sail

Sailing vessels had long been used for moving goods round the British coast!. The trade transporting coal to London from Newcastle had begun in mediaeval times!. The major international seaports such as London, Bristol, and Liverpool, were the means by which raw materials such as cotton might be imported and finished goods exported!. Transporting goods onwards within Britain by sea was common during the whole of the Industrial Revolution and only fell away with the growth of the railways at the end of the period!.

Navigable rivers

All the major rivers of the United Kingdom were navigable during the Industrial Revolution!. Some were anciently navigable, notably the Severn, Thames, and Trent!. Some were improved, or had navigation extended upstream, but usually in the period before the Industrial Revolution, rather than during it!.

The Severn, in particular, was used for the movement of goods to the Midlands which had been imported into Bristol from abroad, and for the export of goods from centres of production in Shropshire (such as iron goods from Coalbrookdale) and the Black Country!. Transport was by way of trows—small sailing vessels which could pass the various shallows and bridges in the river!. The trows could navigate the Bristol Channel to the South Wales ports and Somerset ports, such as Bridgwater and even as far as France!.

Roads
The Iron Bridge (1781)The first large bridge made of cast iron

Much of the original British road system was poorly maintained by thousands of local parishes, but from the 1720s (and occasionally earlier) turnpike trusts were set up to charge tolls and maintain some roads!. Increasing numbers of main roads were turnpiked from the 1750s to the extent that almost every main road in England and Wales was the responsibility of some turnpike trust!. New engineered roads were built by John Metcalf, Thomas Telford and John Macadam!. The major turnpikes radiated from London and were the means by which the Royal Mail was able to reach the rest of the country!. Heavy goods transport on these roads was by means of slow, broad wheeled, carts hauled by teams of horses!. Lighter goods were conveyed by smaller carts or by teams of pack horse!. Stage coaches carried the rich, and the less wealthy could pay to ride on carriers carts!.

Social effects

In terms of social structure, the Industrial Revolution witnessed the triumph of a middle class of industrialists and businessmen over a landed class of nobility and gentry!.

Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories, but these were often under strict working conditions with long hours of labour dominated by a pace set by machines!. However, harsh working conditions were prevalent long before the Industrial Revolution took place!. Pre-industrial society was very static and often cruel—child labour, dirty living conditions and long working hours were just as prevalent before the Industrial Revolution!.

Child labour

The Industrial Revolution led to a population increase, but the chance of surviving childhood did not improve throughout the industrial revolution (although infant morWww@QuestionHome@Com