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Question: How would the Cold War have gone if the US had never bought Alaska from Russia in the 1800's!?
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That is an interesting question! First of all imagine a Russian strategic bomber base located in Anchorage(or what ever the Russians would have named it)!. Russian strategic bombers could have been in Washington or New York in a fraction of the time it would have taken them from mainland Russia!.
Plus the Soviets with their Red Chinese allies would have had a base from which to threaten North America with a land invasion!. The Russians would have had a huge bargaining advantage at the beginning of the Cold war!. The US would have been prevented from intervening in the Korean Conflict!.
The next point is economic!. The Russians sold Alaska to the US BEFORE gold was discovered ( and later oil) imagine the economic effects of Russia possessing Alaska in 1973 during the Arab oil embargo!.
There is a lot of neat "what if's" in your scenario!.
But Seward's Folly was not such a folly after all then or now!Www@QuestionHome@Com

There was a NORAD line of detective equipment through the Canadian arctic, in case Russians tried to send nuclear missiles over the pole!. The shape of this line would have to be altered, to consider missiles from Alaska!.

The Russians could have planted nuclear missiles in Alaska!.
From there, missiles could have reached the western US as far as the Mississippi!. The missiles planted as Cuba (if you look up the 'Cuban Missile crisis' ) could have reached the US as far eastwards as the Mississippi - together, whole continental US!. Now, in the early 1960's Kruschev backed down over the missile crisis, withdrawing his missiles from Cuba (at the cost of his job!) for the sake of peace!.!.!.But with TWO nuclear bases, it's doubtful if the Russians would have backed down at all!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

3 things:
1!. Russia would have even more oil
2!. There would be an immenint trhreat of missile attack if bases were ste up in alaska, maybe prolonging the cold war!.
3!. Dweadliest catch would be in Russian with english subtitles!.Www@QuestionHome@Com