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ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
1!. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
2!. Commonly known as the "Cradle of civilization"
3!. Included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian Empires
4!. It mostly remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Islamic conquest of the Sassanid Empire
5!. Under the Caliphate, the region came to be known as Iraq
6!. Some of the important historical Mesopotamian leaders were Ur-Nammu (king of Ur), Sargon (who established the Akkadian Kingdom), Hammurabi (who established the Old Babylonian state), and Tiglath-Pileser I (who established the Assyrian Empire)!.
7!. "Ancient Mesopotamia" begins in the late 6th millennium BC, and ends with either the rise of the Achaemenid Persians in the 6th century BC or the Islamic conquest of Persian Mesopotamia in the 7th century AD
8!. The earliest language written in Mesopotamia was Sumerian, an agglutinative language isolate
9!. The Babylonian astronomers were very interested in studying the stars and sky, and most could already predict eclipses and solstices!.
10!. Mesopotamian religion was the first to be recorded!. Mesopotamians believed that the world was a flat disc, surrounded by a huge, holed space, and above that, heaven!.

ANCIENT EGYPT
1!. Ancient Egypt was a civilization in eastern North Africa concentrated along the middle to lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern nation of Egypt
2!. The civilization began around 3150 BC[1] with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and it developed over the next three millennia!.
3!. The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians included a system of mathematics, quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building of monumental pyramids, temples and obelisks!.
4!. Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire in 30 BC, following the defeat of Marc Antony and Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII by Octavian (later Emperor Augustus) in the Battle of Actium!.
5!. The pharaoh was the absolute monarch of the country and, at least in theory, wielded complete control of the land and its resources!.
6!. The head of the legal system was officially the pharaoh, who was responsible for enacting laws, delivering justice, and maintaining law and order, a concept the ancient Egyptians referred to as Ma'at
7!. Farming in Egypt was dependent on the cycle of the Nile River!.
8!. The Egyptians recognized three seasons: Akhet (flooding), Peret (planting), and Shemu (harvesting)
9!. The ancient Egyptians used donkeys and oxen as beasts of burden, and they were responsible for plowing the fields and trampling seed into the soil!.
10!. Egypt is rich in building and decorative stone, copper and lead ores, gold, and semiprecious stones!. These natural resources allowed the ancient Egyptians to build monuments, sculpt statues, make tools, and fashion jewelry!.

ANCIENT CHINA
1!. The recorded history of China began in the 15th century BC when the Shang Dynasty started to use markings that evolved into the present Chinese characters!.
2!. Chinese civilization originated with city-states in the Yellow River (Huang He) valley
3!. What is now China was inhabited by Homo erectus more than a million years ago!.
4!. The Yellow River was so named because of the loess that would build up on the bank and down in the earth then it would sink creating a yellowish tint to the water!.
5!. The Qin Dynasty is well known for beginning the Great Wall of China, which was later augmented and enhanced during the Ming Dynasty
6!. Adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe!.
7!. An estimated 25 million people died during the Manchu conquest of Ming Dynasty (1616-1644)
8!. At the start of the 20th century, the Boxer Rebellion threatened northern China!. This was a conservative anti-imperialist movement that sought to return China to old ways!.
9!. At Jiahu, archaeologists identified eleven markings Jiahu Symbols, nine on tortoise shells and two on bone, as possible evidence for proto-writing
10!. The Bamboo Annals is one of the three most important ancient texts on early China, the others being the earlier Zuo Zhuan and the later Shiji!.

ANCIENT GREECE
1!. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history in Classical Antiquity, lasting from ca!. 750 BC (the archaic period) to 146 BC (the Roman conquest)!.
2!. The civilization of the ancient Greeks has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, science, and arts, giving rise to the Renaissance in Western Europe and again resurgent during various neo-Classical revivals in 18th and 19th century Europe and the Americas!.
3!. The end of the Ancient Greek period was traditionally seen as the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, which was seen to begin the Hellenistic period!.
4!. The Ancient Greek period is subdivided into four periods on a pragmatic basis of pottery styles and political events!.
5!. Ancient Greece consisted of several hundred more-or-less independent city states (poleis)!.
6!. Athens fell under a tyranny in the second half of the 6th century!. When this tyranny was ended, as a radical solution to prevent the aristocracy regaining power, the Athenians founded the world's first democracy!.
7!. Most families owned slaves as household servants and labourers, and even poor families might have owned a few slaves!. Owners were not allowed to beat or kill their slaves!.
8!. For most of Greek history, education was private, except in Sparta!. During the Hellenistic period, some city-states established public schools!.
9!. The main Greek gods were the twelve Olympians, Zeus, his wife Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hestia!.
10!. Zeus' parents were Kronos and Rhea who also were the parents of Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Hestia, and Demeter!.

ANCIENT ROME
1!. Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula in the 9th century BC to a large empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea
2!. Roman civilization shifted from a monarchy, to a republic based on a combination of oligarchy and democracy, to an increasingly autocratic empire!.
3!. It came to dominate Western Europe and the area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea through conquest and assimilation!.
4!. The Roman empire went into decline in the 5th century AD
5!. According to legend, Rome was founded on April 21, 753 BC by twin descendants of the Trojan prince Aeneas, Romulus and Remus!.
6!. The Roman Republic was established around 509 BC, according to later writers such as Livy, when the last of the seven kings of Rome, Tarquin the Proud, was deposed, and a system based on annually elected magistrates and various representative assemblies was established!.
7!. Life in ancient Rome revolved around the city of Rome, located on seven hills!. The city had a vast number of monumental structures like the Colosseum, the Forum of Trajan and the Pantheon!.
8!. Ancient Rome commanded a vast area of land, with tremendous natural and human resources!. As such, Rome's economy remained focused on agriculture and trade!.
9!. Roman society is largely viewed as hierarchical, with slaves (servi) at the bottom, freedmen (liberti) above them, and free-born citizens (cives) at the top
10!. In the early Republic, there were no public schools, so boys were taught to read and write by their parents, or by educated slaves, called paedagogi, usually of Greek origin!.

ANCIENT INDIA
1!. The Indus Valley Civilization (c!. 3000–1500 BCE, Mature period 2600–1900 BCE), abbreviated IVC, was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus river
2!. The civilization is sometimes referred to as the Indus Ghaggar-Hakra civilization or the Indus-Sarasvati civilization!.
3!. The Indus Valley Civilization encompassed most of Pakistan as well as the western states of India, extending from Balochistan to Gujarat,
4!. There are several theories as to the origin of the Indus Valley civilization!. The earliest hypothesis was that it was an early form of a Vedic and early Sanskrit civilization which would come to dominate most of India!.
5!. The ancient Indus systems of sewerage and drainage that were developed and used in cities throughout the Indus region were far more advanced than any found in contemporary urban sites in the Middle East and even more efficient than those in many areas of Pakistan and India today!.
6!. The advanced architecture of the Harappans is shown by their impressive dockyards, granaries, warehouses, brick platforms and protective walls
7!. The people of the Indus Civilization achieved great accuracy in measuring length, mass, and time!. They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures!.
8!. In 2001, archaeologists studying the remains of two men from Mehrgarh, Pakistan made the discovery that the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, from the early Harappan periods, had knowledge of proto-dentistry!.
9!. The Indus civilization's economy appears to have depended significantly on trade, which was facilitated by major advances in transport technology!.
10!. During 4300 - 3200 BCE of the chalcolithic period (copper age), the Indus Valley Civilization area shows ceramic similarities with southern Turkmenistan and northern Iran which suggest considerable mobility and trade!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

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Wow, that's a lot of facts!.!.!.I'll make you a deal!. I'll give you 2 facts for each civilization and then I'll email you more!. Ok!? If not, email me and I'll email them then!.

Mesopotamia:
Birthplace of ancient cultures such as Persians, Babylonians, Sumerians etc!.
Zoroastrianism was created by Zoroaster, and adopted by much of Persian rulers!. It was a monotheistic religion, concerning the god Ahura Mazda!.

Egypt:
Founded my Pharoah Menes after he united Northern and Southern Egypt!.
Ramses II was perhaps the greatest ruler, conquering lands, enhancing the glory of Egypt and himself, and establishing Egypt as a powerful trade center!.

China:
Established three major religions (or rather they became well known there) Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism!. (Confucianism is not considered a true religion however, but a group of philosophical ideas!.)
They were the first civilization to create paper, crossbows, and they perfected the art of mapmaking!.

Greece:
Brought forth major philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato and Socrates!.
Most divided political landscape ever!. (With a liberal democracy and a conservative oligarchy as the main differences {Athens-Sparta}

Rome:
Defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars, making them the sole superpower of the Mediterranean (or the potential to become that!.)
Conquered territory and held it for longer than any other single group!.

India:
Created the Caste system (a social class system that where you were born is where you stayed, no vertical advancement allowed!.)
Perhaps the first civilization to vaccinate against smallpox!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

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Ancient Egypt

1!. Praised their pharos, because they believed they were god!.
2!. Built pyramids as a symbol of love for their god!.
3!. Believed in afterlife!.
4!. Surrounded the dead pharos with gold, and goods so they would bring the wealth with them in the afterlife!.
5!. Used tools such as rope to measure the lengths of the huge boulders for the pyramids!.
6!. Pyramids were not even half way built in one mans lifetime!.
7!. The Nile River was used for its mud, to cement the rocks together!.
8!. The pyramids in Egypt are the largest man made objects in the world!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

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Look it up yourself!. You need to know this!. Copying answers off of the computer is a bad way to do that!. You don't really learn anything since you're trying to copy it all down quickly!. Your book has everything you need to know!. Wait a sec!.!.!. Your still in school!?Www@QuestionHome@Com

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if its for school shouldnt you have already learned this!?
try reading your notes, then you could anwser this question and know other stuff!Www@QuestionHome@Com

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