When was Mahatma Ghandi born?

Question: When was Mahatma Ghandi born!?

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Born: 2 October 1869Porbandar, British India
Died :30 January 1948 (age 78)New Delhi, India
Cause of death: Assassinated
Nationality: Indian
Other names: Mahatma Gandhi
Education University College: London
Known for: Indian Independence Movement
Political party: Indian National Congress
Religious beliefs :Hinduism
Spouse: Kasturba Gandhi
Children: Harilal,Manilal,Ramdas,Devdas

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: ??????? ?????? ?????, mohandās karamchand gā?dhī!?; IPA: [mo??nd??s k?r?mt??nd? g??d??i]) (2 October 1869–30 January 1948), also known as Mahatma Gandhi, was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement!. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha—a philosophy that is largely concerned with truth and 'resistance to evil through active, non-violent resistance'—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world!. Gandhi is commonly known in India and across the world as the Mahatma (Sanskrit: ??????? mahātmā — "Great Soul" - an epithet given by Tagore) and as Bapu (Gujarati: ???? bāpu—"Father")!. In India, he is officially accorded the honour of Father of the Nation!. 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday!. On 15 June 2007, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution declaring 2 October to be the "International Day of Non-Violence!."[1][2]

Gandhi first employed peaceful civil disobedience in the Indian community's struggle for civil rights in South Africa!. Upon his return to India from Africa, he organized poor farmers and labourers to protest against oppressive taxation and widespread discrimination!. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for the alleviation of poverty, for the liberation of women, for brotherhood amongst different religious and ethnic groups, for an end to untouchability and caste discrimination, and for the economic self-sufficiency of the nation, but above all for Swaraj—the independence of India from foreign domination!. Gandhi famously led his nation in the disobedience of the British salt tax imposed in India with the 400 kilometre (250 miles) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and in an open call for the British to Quit India in 1942!. He was imprisoned for many years on numerous occasions in both South Africa and India!.

Gandhi practiced and advocated non-violence and truth in all situations!. He lived simply, organizing an ashram that was self-sufficient in its needs!. Making his own clothes—the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with the hand spun yarn he spun on a charkha—he lived on a simple vegetarian and, later, fruitarian diet!. He underwent long (at times over a month) fasts, for both self-purification and protest!.

Contents [show]
1 Early life
2 Civil rights movement in South Africa (1893–1914)
3 Role in Zulu War of 1906
4 Struggle for Indian Independence (1916–1945)
4!.1 Champaran and Kheda
5 Non-cooperation
6 Swaraj and the Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
7 World War II and Quit India
8 Freedom and partition of India
9 Assassination
10 Gandhi's principles
10!.1 Truth
10!.2 Nonviolence
10!.3 Vegetarianism
10!.4 Brahmacharya
10!.5 Simplicity
10!.6 Faith
11 Writings
11!.1 Books on Gandhi
12 Followers and influence
13 Legacy
14 Ideals and criticisms
14!.1 Concept of partition
14!.2 Rejection of violent resistance
14!.3 Early South African articles
15 See also
16 Notes
16!.1 Further reading
17 External links

Early life

Young MohandasMohandas Karamchand Gandhi[3] was born into the Hindu Modh family in Porbandar, on October 2, 1869!. He was the son of Karamchand Gandhi, the diwan (Prime Minister) of Porbandar, and Putlibai, Karamchand's fourth wife, a Hindu of the Pranami Vaishnava order!. Karamchand's first two wives, who each bore him a daughter, died from unknown reasons (rumored to be in childbirth)!. Living with a devout mother and surrounded by the Jain influences of Gujarat, Gandhi learned from an early age the tenets of non-injury to living beings, vegetarianism, fasting for self-purification, and mutual tolerance between members of various creeds and sects!. He was born into the vaishya, or business, caste!.

In May 1883, at the age of 13, Gandhi was married through his parents' arrangements to Kasturba Makhanji (also spelled "Kasturbai" or known as "Ba")!. They had five children, the first of whom died in infancy; Harilal Gandhi, born in 1888; Manilal Gandhi, born in 1892; Ramdas Gandhi, born in 1897; and Devdas Gandhi, born in 1900!. Gandhi was a mediocre student in his youth at Porbandar and later Rajkot!. He barely passed the matriculation exam for Samaldas College at Bhavnagar, Gujarat!. He was also unhappy at the college, because his family wanted him to become a barrister!.

Gandhi and his wife Kasturba (1902)At the age of 18 on 4 September 1888, Gandhi went to University College London to study law and train as a barrister!. His time in London, the Imperial capital, was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother in the presence of the Jain monk Becharji, upon leaving India, to observe the Hindu precepts of abstinence from meat, alcohol, and promiscuity!. Although Gandhi experimented with adopting "English" customs—taking dancing lessons for example—he could not stomach his landlady's mutton and cabbage!. She pointed him towards one of London's few vegetarian restaurants!. Rather than simply go along with his mother's wishes, he read about, and intellectually embraced vegetarianism!. He joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive committee, and founded a local chapter!. He later credited this with giving him valuable experience in organizing institutions!. Some of the vegetarians he met were members of the Theosophical Society, which had been founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature!. They encouraged Gandhi to read the Bhagavad Gita!. Not having shown a particular interest in religion before, he read works of and about Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and other religions!. He returned to India after being called to the bar of England and Wales by Inner Temple, but had limited success establishing a law practice in Bombay!. Later, after applying and being turned down for a part-time job as a high school teacher, he ended up returning to Rajkot to make a modest living drafting petitions for litigants, but was forced to close down that business as well when he ran afoul of a British officer!. In his autobiography, he describes this incident as a kind of unsuccessful lobbying attempt on behalf of his older brother!. It was in this climate that (in 1893) he accepted a year-long contract from an Indian firm to a post in Natal, South Africa, then part of the British Empire!.

Gandhi returned to London in 1895, when he happened to meet Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain, the Radical-turned-ultra-Tory, whose son Neville Chamberlain would become English Prime Minister and help suppress Gandhi in the 1930s!. Chamberlain Snr!. agreed that the treatment of Indians was barbaric but appeared unwilling to push through any legislation about this however!.

Civil rights movement in South Africa (1893–1914)
Main article: Gandhi's work in South Africa

Gandhi in South Africa (1895)
Sergeant Major M!. K!. Gandhi, British Armed Forces South Africa (1906)In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination directed at Indians!. Initially, he was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg, after refusing to move from the first class to a third class coach while holding a valid first class ticket!. Traveling further on by stagecoach, he was beaten by a driver for refusing to travel on the foot board to make room for a European passenger!. He suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from many hotels!. In another of many similar events, the magistrate of a Durban court ordered him to remove his turban, which Gandhi refused!. These incidents have been acknowledged as a turning point in his life, serving as an awakening to contemporary social injustice and helping to explain his subsequent social activism!. It was through witnessing firsthand the racism, prejudice and injustice against Indians in South Africa that Gandhi started to question his people's status within the British Empire, and his own place in society!.

Gandhi extended his original period of stay in South Africa to assist Indians in opposing a bill to deny them the right to vote!. Though unable to halt the bill's passage, his campaign was successful in drawing attention to the grievances of Indians in South Africa!. He founded the Natal Indian Congress in 1894, and through this organization, he molded the Indian community of South Africa into a homogeneous political force!. In January 1897, when Gandhi returned from a brief trip to India, a white mob attacked and tried to lynch him!. In an early indication of the personal values that would shape his later campaigns, he refused to press charges against any member of the mob, stating it was one of his principles not to seek redress for a personal wrong in a court of law!.

In 1906, the Transvaal government promulgated a new Act compelling registration of the colony's Indian population!. At a mass protest meeting held in Johannesburg on September 11 that year, Gandhi adopted his still evolving methodology of satyagraha (devotion to the truth), or non-violent protest, for the first time, calling on his fellow Indians to defy the new law and suffer the punishments for doing so, rather than resist through violent means!. This plan was adopted, leading to a seven-year struggle in which thoWww@QuestionHome@Com

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948)Www@QuestionHome@Com

Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujrat, India!.Www@QuestionHome@Com

2nd October, 1869 30th January, 1948Www@QuestionHome@Com