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Question: In which state was the first cottage system established!?
a!. Massachusets b!. Illinois c!. new york d!. ohio

Its a question on my final and i be darned if i can find it in the book!?
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Best Answer - Chosen by Asker:
Looks like NY 1824 per Ohio history of Juvenille System research!.


The current state of juvenile justice in Ohio and the issues it must confront are best understood
in the historical context and development of the system!. It is within this context that the
relationships between ideology and practice regarding the responses to challenges, defining
responsibility, and direction of the system make the most sense!.
The formal juvenile justice system was created in the late nineteenth century in an effort to
reform certain policies that pertained to youthful offenders!. Historically, imposing sanctions
for juvenile offenders has largely mirrored those of adults!. Prior to the late 1800s, minors were
routinely housed alongside adult offenders, and it was not uncommon for children over the age
of seven to share jail space with adults!. It was not until the Quaker reformers of the nineteenth
century spearheaded efforts to change this practice that the idea of establishing a separate system
of justice for youth began to take hold!.
The Quaker reformers believed that poverty and destitution were the catalysts for many youthful
offenders to engage in criminal or antisocial behavior!. Citing humanitarian concerns, the Quaker
reformers, who were interested in rehabilitating rather than punishing children, were instrumental
in establishing and building the New York House of Refuge in 1824!. The House of Refuge
was intended to interrupt the cycle of destitution that they thought led to juvenile crime!. The
reformatory housed juveniles who earlier would have been placed in adult jails!.
In 1857, Ohio began pioneering the concept of the “open system” of reformatories in response to
suggestions made by Charles Remelin of Cincinnati, who had just returned from Europe, where
he spent time examining reformatory institutions for youth!. On January 30, 1858, 10 boys were
brought from the House of Refuge of Cincinnati, and placed at the Boys’ Industrial School,
Ohio’s reformatory for juvenile male offenders, located six miles south of Lancaster (Fairfield
County), in the Hocking Hills!. The institution was organized on the cottage or segregate system,
was not surrounded by walls and was entirely free from bolts, bars or other suggestions of
restraint!. It was the first penal institution in America to try the “open system” experiment, and
operated so successfully that 28 states have used the Lancaster school as a model!.89
The Girls’ Industrial School in Ohio was established in 1869 to educate and rehabilitate girls
convicted of crimes or judged incorrigible!. Girls between the ages of 7-15 who were in trouble
(homeless, orphaned, juvenile offenders, prostitutes, etc!.) from all over the state were sent to
live there!. It, too, followed the cottage system, in which girls lived together in a cottage, worked
together doing farm chores, and learned skilled trades!.90 Beginning in 1899, other states began to
address the problem of youth incarceration and went on to establish similar youth reform homes!.91
Juvenile Justice ? 115
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