How did Ancient Egyptians farm their land? help please?

Question: How did Ancient Egyptians farm their land!? help please!?

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In The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt it says:

'The fundamental importance of agriculture in Egypt is attested from early times, with the development of land surveying as a means of re-determining land boundaries after the annual Inundation of the Nile had deposited its load of silt on the fields, and also the measuring of areas of land for taxation purposes!.

The development of the calendar itself was linked to careful observation of the agricultural year the seasons being named in accordance with stages of the annual Nile cycle!. Flooding began in mid-June, the time of the New year, and maximum depth was usually reached by mid-August, although the exact timing varied from north to south!. The reach of the Nile was extended by the digging of irrigation canals which could also be used for moving water at times of low flood!. As soon as the inundation began to subside the farmers blocked canals in order to retain the water, which was not released for a further month and a half!. In October or November the seed was broadcast by hand and then trampled in by sheep and goats (as well as pigs, according to Herodotus)!.

The principal crop was grain, icnluding barlye, and three types of wheat: emmer, einkorn and spelt!. These were used to make bread and beer, the two great staples of Egyptian life!. The rich soil could support at least two crops a year, but if a second was desired, during the summer, then it had to be irrigated manually!. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms, a simple yoke and vessels were used to move the water, but the introduction of the Shaduf(an irrigation tool consisting of a long wooden pole with a receptacle at one end and a counterbalancing weight at the other, by means of which water could be transfered out of a river or canal) in the New Kingdom and the sakkia (an animal powered water wheel) in the Ptolemaic period not only made irrigation easier but also extended the area of cultivatable land!. Usually pulses rather than cereals were grown as a second crop, and althought these 'fix' nitrogen and so enrich teh soil, the environmental effectg was probably relatively trivial compared with that of the Nile flood!.

Numerous tomb-paintings depict grain being harvested with sickles, threshed using oxen, then winnowed and stored, while the quantities were carefully measured and recorded by scribes!. Vegetables (including onions, garlic, peas, lentils, beans, radishes, cabbage, cucumbers and lettuce) were usually grown in small square plots!.

Oils were extracted from sesame, castor and flax, the latter also supplying the principal fibre for the making of linen textiles!. Grapes were grown for wine, particularly in the Dleta region and oases, and there are numerous scenes showing wine presses in use!. Wine and beer were often flavoured with dates, and the fibres of the date plam were used in making of cordage and basketry!.

Most of the agricultural land belonged to the King or the temples, and both kept copious records of its productivitiy!. Officials often inflicted severe punishments on those who failed to meet grain quotas, and in many tombs there are scenes of peasants being beaten for this reason!.'Www@QuestionHome@Com

just like normal!. they cleared the land and plowed, they planted, they tended, and they harvested!. they are the ones we learned from!.Www@QuestionHome@Com