OMG history IM FREAKIN OUT?

Question:so tomarro i have a HUGE history test and im doin a study guide and i cant find the following questions PLZZ HELP

What was the great schism?
Who built Constantinople? Why?
Who was Machiavelli?
Who was Gutenberg?
Describe the geography of Russia (what is a steppe?)
Who were Cyril and Methodius?
What was the reason for the invention of the Cyrillic alphabet?
What were the major differences between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic religions?
How did the geography of Constantinople help in its development?

PLZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ HELPP

Best Answer - Chosen by Asker: so tomarro i have a HUGE history test and im doin a study guide and i cant find the following questions PLZZ HELP

What was the great schism?
Who built Constantinople? Why?
Who was Machiavelli?
Who was Gutenberg?
Describe the geography of Russia (what is a steppe?)
Who were Cyril and Methodius?
What was the reason for the invention of the Cyrillic alphabet?
What were the major differences between Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic religions?
How did the geography of Constantinople help in its development?

PLZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ HELPP

The Great Schism is the title given to the rift that formed in the Church in the eleventh century A.D. This separation led to the "Roman Catholic" Church, hereby known as the Western Church, and the "Greek Catholic" or "Greek Orthodox Church," hereby known as the Eastern Church.

Constantinople is present-day Istanbul (as of 1930) and is located on a peninsula at the Sea of Marmara. Constantinople was built in 324 by the Roman emperor Constantine to be the new capitol of the Roman Empire. It was built over the city of Byzantium. One of the major construction projects that went on at the time Constantinople was built was the massive architectural achievement of the Hagia Sophia. This church was built in the 6th century and was converted to a mosque in the 15th century and since then has been converted into a museum. The past of Istanbul was always geared to higher learning. Some of the institutions there include Istanbul University (1453), Istanbul Technical University (1773), Marmara University (1883), Yildiz University (1911), and the University of the Bosporus (1863). Also, the city of Istanbul showed to be very religious, the city alone was nearly 200 catholic churches

Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy. He eventually became a man who lived his life for politics and patriotism. Right now, however, he is associated with corrupt, totalitarian government. The reason for this is a small pamphlet he wrote called The Prince to gain influence with the ruling Medici family in Florence. The political genius of Niccolo Machiavelli was overshadowed by the reputation that was unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding of his views on politics.

GUTENBERG, JOHANNES, or Henne, who is regarded as the inventor of the art of employing movable types in printing, was born near the close of the 14th century, at Mainz. He was sprung from a patrician family, which took the name of Gutenberg, or Gensfleisch, from two estates in its Possession. Of Gutenberg's early life no particulars are known, but it seems probable that he devoted himself at an early age to mechanical arts.

# (1) A landscape term referring to the broad, undulating, treeless and grassy plains of eastern Russia and Siberia. ...
www.arcticatlas.org/glossary/index

# A vast semiarid grass-covered plain, as found in southeast Europe, Siberia, and central North America.
www.hamsterific.com/Glossary.cfm

# a vast treeless plain

Saints Cyril and Methodius (Greek: Κ?ριλλο? και Μεθ?διο?, Old Church Slavonic: к?рилъ и ме?одии [2]) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born in Thessaloniki in the 9th century, who became missionaries of Christianity among the Slavs of Great Moravia and Pannonia. Through their work they influenced the cultural development of all Slavic peoples for which they received the title “Apostles to the Slavs”. They are credited with devising the Glagolitic alphabet, the first alphabet used to transcribe the Old Church Slavonic language. The Cyrillic alphabet, which was based on the Glagolitic alphabet, is still used in a number of Slavic and other languages. After their death, their pupils continued their missionary work among other Slavic peoples. Both brothers are venerated in Eastern Orthodoxy as "equal-to-apostles" and were also canonized by the Roman Catholic Church. They became the patron saints of Europe in 1980.[3

The invention of the Cyrillic alphabet is attributed traditionally to Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Byzantine missionaries, whose purpose was to translate the New Testament into the then-common language of the Slavic peoples. (However, the two brothers created the Glagolithic alphabet; it was their disciple Saint Climent who invented the simpler Cyrillic alphabet and named it in honor of his teacher.) Since Sts. Cyril and Methodius were from the city of Thessaloniki, they chose the dialect of the Bulgarian Slavic tribes residing in the area as the foundation for the creation of the new alphabet.

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORTHODOXY AND ROMAN CATHOLICISM?
By Father Michael Azkoul

St. Catherine Mission, St. Louis, MO

Copyright, 1994 St. Nectarios American Orthodox Church
Reproduced with permission from The Orthodox Christian Witness, Vol. XXVII (48), Vol. XXVIII (6) and (8), 1994.
May not be reproduced without permission

This question has been asked many times. Most Orthodox, in attempting to distinguish between Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism, usually mention the Pope or Purgatory, sometimes the filioque. Historically, the differences, however, are far more numerous and quite profound.

Also, in modern times, since Vatican II of thirty years ago, that major, if not tragic attempt, to "update" Roman Catholicism (e.g., the revision of canon law), the differences between Orthodoxy and the followers of the Pope have widened.

In our present discussion, however, the concern will be those differences which have grown since Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism separated almost a thousand years ago.

1. Faith and Reason

Following the Holy Fathers, Orthodoxy uses science and philosophy to defend and explain her Faith. Unlike Roman Catholicism, she does not build on the results of philosophy and science. The Church does not seek to reconcile faith and reason. She makes no effort to prove by logic or science what Christ gave His followers to believe. If physics or biology or chemistry or philosophy lends support to the teachings of the Church, she does not refuse them. However, Orthodoxy is not intimidated by man's intellectual accomplishments. She does not bow to them and change the Christian Faith to make it consistent with the results of human thought and science.

St. Basil the Great advised young monks to use Greek philosophy as a bee uses the flower. Take only the "honey," ---- the truth --- which God has planted in the world to prepare men for the Coming of the Lord.

For example, the Greeks had a doctrine of the Logos. The Gospel of John opens, "In the beginning was the Word (Logos, in Greek). For the pagans, the Logos was not God, as He is for Christians; rather he is a principle, a power or force by which "God: formed and governs the world. The Fathers pointed to the similarity between the Logos or Word of the Bible and the Logos of Greek philosophy as a sign of Providence. The difference between them, they attributed to the sinfulness of men and the weakness of the human intellect. They remembered the words of the Apostle Paul, "Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ" (Col. 2: 8).

Roman Catholicism, on the other hand, places a high value on human reason. Its history shows the consequence of that trust. For example, in the Latin Middle Ages, the 13th century, the theologian-philosopher, Thomas Aquinas, joined "Christianity" with the philosophy of Aristotle. From that period til now, the Latins have never wavered in their respect for human wisdom; and it has radically altered the theology, mysteries and institutions of the Christian religion.

2. The Development of Doctrine

The Orthodox Church does not endorse the view that the teachings of Christ have changed from time to time; rather that Christianity has remained unaltered from the moment that the Lord delivered the Faith to the Apostles (Matt. 28: 18-20). She affirms that "the faith once delivered to the saints" (Jude 3) is now what it was in the beginning. Orthodox of the twentieth century believe precisely what was believed by Orthodox of the first, the fifth, the tenth, the fifteenth centuries.

To be sure, Orthodoxy recognizes external changes (e.g., vestments of clergy, monastic habits, new feasts, canons of ecumenical and regional councils, etc.), but nothing has been added or subtracted from her Faith. The external changes have a single purpose: To express that Faith under new circumstances. For example, the Bible and divine Services were translated from Hebrew and Greek into the language of new lands; or new religious customs arose to express the ethnic sensibilities of the converted peoples, etc.; nevertheless, their has always been "one faith, one Lord, one baptism" (Eph. 4: 4).

The fundamental witness to the Christian Tradition is the holy Scriptures; and the supreme expositors of the Scriptures are the divinely inspired Fathers of the Church, whether the Greek Fathers or Latin Fathers, Syriac Fathers or Slavic Fathers. Their place in the Orthodox religion cannot be challenged. Their authority cannot be superseded, altered or ignored.

On the other hand, Roman Catholicism, unable to show a continuity of faith and in order to justify new doctrine, erected in the last century, a theory of "doctrinal development."

Following the philosophical spirit of the time (and the lead of Cardinal Henry Newman), Roman Catholic theologians began to define and teach the idea that Christ only gave us an "original deposit" of faith, a "seed," which grew and matured through the centuries. The Holy Spirit, they said, amplified the Christian Faith as the Church moved into new circumstances and acquired other needs.

Consequently, Roman Catholicism, pictures its theology as growing in stages, to higher and more clearly defined levels of knowledge. The teachings of the Fathers, as important as they are, belong to a stage or level below the theology of the Latin Middle Ages (Scholasticism), and that theology lower than the new ideas which have come after it, such as Vatican II.

All the stages are useful, all are resources; and the theologian may appeal to the Fathers, for example, but they may also be contradicted by something else, something higher or newer.

On this basis, theories such as the dogma

google is your friend

Eastern Orthodox does not have a pope. Roman Catholic do have a Pope. Both have different calendars. Eastern Orthodox uses Greek language, Roman Catholics used to use Latin.

If you have a study guide that your teacher gave you, all the answers are probably in, I don't know, your history book? And your teacher will want the answers from your book, not some random website.

if I know what textbook you were using, I could give you the page numbers

the great schism is when there were two popes at the same time because of the abduction of the first.

Youse should have done your homework, shouldent of youse?
Youse are sheet outa luck now, toots!

Oh you poor thing. Maybe you can be sick tomorrow...but until then study your little heart out.

btw Gutenberg developed movable print. did the first Bible.
that is all the help I will give you. Sounds like you are taking a religous history class.