Haplogroup connection in identifying the Roma.Gypsy popula

Question:There are about 9 million European Gypsies in Europe today (they first started migrating from India and arriving in Europe about 1000 years ago)

Many genetic studies investigate Romani individuals from different European counties and address three main questions: (i) similarity between Roma and Indians; (ii) relatedness to European populations; (iii) affinities between Romani populations from different countries

Blood Groups: Now this re blood groups is the best I could come up with re stats but all a bit mixed up:

Studies have worked out a close genetic affinity with Indians and also that some are indistinguishable from Europeans in general leading to the deduction that European Romanies consist of two different populations characterised respectively by high and low frequency of Blood Group B defined as East and West European Romany with the Eastern European Romanies closely related to Indian populations.

Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: (I plucked this out of somewhere and I thought I would put it in)

A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B--25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O--0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive--89.54%, Rh negative--10.46%; Rh - (D)--0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia.
PMID: 822730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

And (but this is a bit of a weak effort and doesn’t run smoothly but what the heck!!!! Off another web-site:
www.bloodbook.com/world-abo. Re blood types world wide but I only picked out what I thought were relevant?????? Geez those Hungarian Gypsies sure like their dairy foods!!!!! This is out of alignment but the top are the groups and for instance 35% of Gypsy Hungarians have Blood Group B:

O A B AB

Indians (India - General) 37 22 33 7

Gypsies (Hungary) 29 27 35 10
Rumanians 34 41 19 6

Haplogroups:

On some of those listed websites Haplogroups re DNA Male Y-chromosone and Female Mitochondrial DNA chromosomes are mentioned and these studies give results from studies re information on markers for the Roma in a few European Countries like Hungary and Slovenia and for non-Roma Europeans and for two North Indian populations and mitochondrial DNA variability studies – screening and coding region haplogroup-specific RFLP markers and demonstrating Roma-specific M-lineages observed in gene pools of different Slavonic populations pools (Slovaks, Poles, Russians) belong to Indian-specific haplo groups M5a1 and M35 and also show haplogroup J lineages found in gene pools of the Roma and some Slav populations (Czech and Slovaks) belong to new sub-haplogroup J1a which is defined by coding region mitation at position 8460 PMID 18205894 (Pub Med as supplied by publisher)

There is mention on a different site (ISOGG site):

That ISOGG site mentions y-haplogroupH, M69?? Occurred in haplogroup F man probably in the Indian subcontinent - the founder probably lived about 35,000 years ago. Today nearly all members of Hap. H live in Indian sub continent area. The Romanies are the main source of this Haplogroup in Western Europe.

Haplotype frequencies for 11 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439) in a Romani population (n = 63) from Slovakia, Jats of Haryana (n = 84) and Jat Sikhs (n = 80) from India were determined. The Slovakian Romani, the Haryana and Sikh populations were endogamous based on their unique haplotype ratio and haplotype diversity values, although the Sikh population appeared to be more diverse. AMOVA revealed non-significant differences between the Romanies and significant differences with non-Romani populations. The Macedonian Romani population differed from all Romani populations examined. Frequent haplotypes observed in Romani populations were sporadic in northwest Indian populations. Thirteen out of 316 populations worldwide were found to share the six most frequent haplotypes of the Slovakian Romanies when the screening conditions were narrowed based on the population size to be over 40, the occurrence of the haplotypes was more than one and the sum frequencies of the most frequent haplotypes was at least 0.02. The most common haplotypes were also observed in other Romani groups. When searching with two Indian (Malbar and Malaysian Indian) most frequent haplotypes under the same conditions matches could be detected in all Romani populations

except for the Macedonian Romanies. The search with the Jat Sikhs and Jats of Haryana most frequent haplotypes resulted no matches in Romani populations.

Refs: Blood groups of Roms (Gypsies) in Czechoslovakia.
Bernasovsky I, Suchy J, Bernasovská K, Vargová T.
Am J Hum Genet. 2004 October; 75(4): 596–609. (American Journal of Human Genetics)
Mutation History of the Roma/Gypsies (Has very detailed genetic info re this group of people - too difficult for me to understand and too long-winded!!!!)
Published online 2004 August 20.
Copyright ? 2004 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.
luba@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
.2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PMID: 16163730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
And more on Dienekes Blog site: re Gypsy Y Chromosones
Forensic Science International (Article in Press)

Best Answer - Chosen by Asker: There are about 9 million European Gypsies in Europe today (they first started migrating from India and arriving in Europe about 1000 years ago)

Many genetic studies investigate Romani individuals from different European counties and address three main questions: (i) similarity between Roma and Indians; (ii) relatedness to European populations; (iii) affinities between Romani populations from different countries

Blood Groups: Now this re blood groups is the best I could come up with re stats but all a bit mixed up:

Studies have worked out a close genetic affinity with Indians and also that some are indistinguishable from Europeans in general leading to the deduction that European Romanies consist of two different populations characterised respectively by high and low frequency of Blood Group B defined as East and West European Romany with the Eastern European Romanies closely related to Indian populations.

Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: (I plucked this out of somewhere and I thought I would put it in)

A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B--25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O--0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH phenotypes: Rh positive--89.54%, Rh negative--10.46%; Rh - (D)--0.6766, Rh (d) 0.3234. The frequencies are contrasted with those of other inhabitants, non-Roms of East Slovakia.
PMID: 822730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

And (but this is a bit of a weak effort and doesn’t run smoothly but what the heck!!!! Off another web-site:
www.bloodbook.com/world-abo. Re blood types world wide but I only picked out what I thought were relevant?????? Geez those Hungarian Gypsies sure like their dairy foods!!!!! This is out of alignment but the top are the groups and for instance 35% of Gypsy Hungarians have Blood Group B:

O A B AB

Indians (India - General) 37 22 33 7

Gypsies (Hungary) 29 27 35 10
Rumanians 34 41 19 6

Haplogroups:

On some of those listed websites Haplogroups re DNA Male Y-chromosone and Female Mitochondrial DNA chromosomes are mentioned and these studies give results from studies re information on markers for the Roma in a few European Countries like Hungary and Slovenia and for non-Roma Europeans and for two North Indian populations and mitochondrial DNA variability studies – screening and coding region haplogroup-specific RFLP markers and demonstrating Roma-specific M-lineages observed in gene pools of different Slavonic populations pools (Slovaks, Poles, Russians) belong to Indian-specific haplo groups M5a1 and M35 and also show haplogroup J lineages found in gene pools of the Roma and some Slav populations (Czech and Slovaks) belong to new sub-haplogroup J1a which is defined by coding region mitation at position 8460 PMID 18205894 (Pub Med as supplied by publisher)

There is mention on a different site (ISOGG site):

That ISOGG site mentions y-haplogroupH, M69?? Occurred in haplogroup F man probably in the Indian subcontinent - the founder probably lived about 35,000 years ago. Today nearly all members of Hap. H live in Indian sub continent area. The Romanies are the main source of this Haplogroup in Western Europe.

Haplotype frequencies for 11 Y-STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439) in a Romani population (n = 63) from Slovakia, Jats of Haryana (n = 84) and Jat Sikhs (n = 80) from India were determined. The Slovakian Romani, the Haryana and Sikh populations were endogamous based on their unique haplotype ratio and haplotype diversity values, although the Sikh population appeared to be more diverse. AMOVA revealed non-significant differences between the Romanies and significant differences with non-Romani populations. The Macedonian Romani population differed from all Romani populations examined. Frequent haplotypes observed in Romani populations were sporadic in northwest Indian populations. Thirteen out of 316 populations worldwide were found to share the six most frequent haplotypes of the Slovakian Romanies when the screening conditions were narrowed based on the population size to be over 40, the occurrence of the haplotypes was more than one and the sum frequencies of the most frequent haplotypes was at least 0.02. The most common haplotypes were also observed in other Romani groups. When searching with two Indian (Malbar and Malaysian Indian) most frequent haplotypes under the same conditions matches could be detected in all Romani populations

except for the Macedonian Romanies. The search with the Jat Sikhs and Jats of Haryana most frequent haplotypes resulted no matches in Romani populations.

Refs: Blood groups of Roms (Gypsies) in Czechoslovakia.
Bernasovsky I, Suchy J, Bernasovská K, Vargová T.
Am J Hum Genet. 2004 October; 75(4): 596–609. (American Journal of Human Genetics)
Mutation History of the Roma/Gypsies (Has very detailed genetic info re this group of people - too difficult for me to understand and too long-winded!!!!)
Published online 2004 August 20.
Copyright ? 2004 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.
luba@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
.2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PMID: 16163730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
And more on Dienekes Blog site: re Gypsy Y Chromosones
Forensic Science International (Article in Press)

Generaly speaking it is the Indian ones in particular.Evidence for the Indian origin of the Roma came in the late 1990s when it was discovered that Roma populations carried large frequencies of particular Y chromosomes (inherited paternally) and mitochondrial DNA (inherited maternally) that otherwise exist only in populations from South Asia.

47.3% of Roma men carry Y chromosomes of haplogroup H-M82 which is otherwise rare outside of the Indian subcontinent[46]. Mitochondrial haplogroup M, most common in Indian subjects and rare outside Southern Asia, accounts for nearly 30% of Roma people[46]. A more detailed study of Polish Roma shows this to be of the M5 lineage, which is specific to India[47]. Moreover, a form of the inherited disorder congenital myasthenia is carried by around 4% of the Roma population. This form of the disorder, caused by the 1267delG mutation, is otherwise only known in subjects of Indian ancestry[46].

This is considered unambiguous proof that all Roma are descended from a single founding population, originating from the Indian subcontinent around 40 generations ago, which subsequently split into the subgroups we see today.[