The phenomenon of Black Swans?

Question:

The phenomenon of Black Swans?

has anyone got any information about the platonic theorem in
"The Black Swan" a book by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Best Answer - Chosen by Asker: In Nassim Nicholas Taleb's definition, a black swan is a large-impact, hard-to-predict, and rare event beyond the realm of normal expectations. Much of scientific discoveries for him are black swans – "undirected" and unpredicted. An event often referred to as a "black swan" is the September 11, 2001 attacks.

The term black swan comes from the ancient Western conception that all swans were white in color. In that context, a black swan was a metaphor for something that could not exist. The 17th Century discovery of black swans in Australia metamorphosed the term to connote that the perceived impossibility actually came to pass.

Karl Popper first used the black swan narrative to discuss falsification, a fact that Taleb acknowledges in his work.

The high impact of the unexpected
Before Taleb, those who dealt with the notion of improbable, like Hume, Mill and Popper, focused on a problem in logic, in the limits of making general statements from specific observations. Taleb's Black Swan has a central and unique attribute: The high impact. His claim is that almost all consequential events in history come from the high impact events – while humans convince themselves that these events are explainable in hindsight.

One problem, labeled the Ludic fallacy by Taleb, is not enough 'bottom up' and too much reliance on generalizations (called Platonicity). That is, the unexpected is thought to be minimized through a too strong reliance on large numbers of observations (hence, the title of the book, relating to the fallacy of "all swans are white"), which assumes the nice properties of the Bell Curve. Taleb notes that other functions could very well be in order, such as the fractal, power law, or scalable distributions; the awareness of these might help to temper expectations. Taleb also argues for the use of counterfactual reasoning when considering risk.